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Hubert Henry Harrison (April 27, 1883 – December 17, 1927) was a West Indian-American writer, orator, educator, critic, and radical socialist, and Single-Tax political activist based in Harlem, New York. He was described by activist A. Philip Randolph as “the father of Harlem radicalism” and by the historian Joel Augustus Rogers as “the foremost Afro-American intellect of his time.” John G. Jackson of American Atheists described him as "The Black Socrates".〔Jervis Anderson, ''A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait'' (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1973), 79 and Joel. A. Rogers, “Hubert Harrison: Intellectual Giant and Free-Lance Educator (1883-1927)", in ''World’s Great Men of Color'', ed. John Henrik Clarke, 2 vols (1947; New York: reprint, Collier Books, 1972), 2:432-42, esp. 432-33.〕 An immigrant from St. Croix at the age of 17, Harrison played significant roles in the largest radical class and race movements in the United States. In 1912-14 he was the leading Black organizer in the Socialist Party of America. In 1917 he founded the Liberty League and ''The Voice'', the first organization and the first newspaper of the race-conscious “New Negro” movement. From his Liberty League and ''Voice'' came the core leadership of individuals and race-conscious program of the Garvey movement.〔''A Hubert Harrison Reader'', ed. with an introduction by Jeffrey B. Perry (Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2001), 1-2. This work (pp. 1-30) is used for general background on Harrison’s life.〕 Harrison was a seminal and influential thinker who encouraged the development of class consciousness among working people, positive race consciousness among Black people, agnostic atheism, secular humanism, social progressivism, and freethought. He was also a self-described "radical internationalist" and contributed significantly to the Caribbean radical tradition. Harrison profoundly influenced a generation of “New Negro” militants, including A. Philip Randolph, Chandler Owen, Marcus Garvey, Richard Benjamin Moore, W. A. Domingo, Williana Burroughs, and Cyril Briggs. ==Early life== Hubert was born to Cecilia Elizabeth Haines, a working-class woman, on Estate Concordia, St. Croix, Danish West Indies. Harrison's biological father, Adolphus Harrison, was born enslaved. One account from the 1920s suggested that Harrison's father owned a substantial estate.〔Winston James, (''Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-century America'' ), New York: Verso, 1998, p. 123.〕 Harrison's biographer, however, found no such landholding and writes that "there is no indication that Adolphus, a laborer his entire life, ever owned, or even rented, land".〔Jeffrey B. Perry, ''Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918,'' New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 41.〕 As a youth, Harrison knew poverty but also learned of African customs and the Crucian people’s rich history of direct action mass struggles. Among his schoolmates was his lifelong friend, the future Crucian labor leader and social activist, D. Hamilton Jackson. In later life Harrison worked with many Virgin Islands-born activists, including James C. Canegata, Anselmo Jackson, Rothschild Francis, Elizabeth Hendrikson, Casper Holstein, and Frank Rudolph Crosswaith. He was especially active in Virgin Island causes after the March 1917 U.S. purchase of the Virgin Islands, and subsequent abuses under the U.S. naval occupation of the islands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hubert Harrison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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